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Introducing the FOUR BASES

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⏱ 4 min

What to do

Answer the checkpoint question by choosing which FOUR BASES criterion is most likely violated in the draft scenario.

Introducing the FOUR BASES

⏱ 4 min

Concept: The FOUR BASES are four evaluation criteria—Unity, Support, Coherence, Sentence skills—used to assess and revise academic writing. Each BASE answers a different question about your draft.

Mechanism: When revising, you apply each BASE in turn. Ask: Does every sentence support the thesis? (Unity) Do claims have evidence and explanation? (Support) Is the order logical and are transitions clear? (Coherence) Are grammar and tone correct? (Sentence skills)

CriterionMeaning
UnityEvery sentence supports the thesis.
SupportClaims are backed by evidence and explanation.
CoherenceIdeas flow in logical order; transitions are clear.
Sentence skillsGrammar and word choice are accurate; tone is appropriate.
Four Bases for Revising Essays: Unity, Support, Coherence, Sentence skills
Four Bases for Revising Essays: Unity, Support, Coherence, Sentence skills

Worked example: If a paragraph mentions "AI may help diagnostics" but then discusses education funding, that violates Unity—the second sentence does not support the thesis.

How success is measured

You choose the correct BASE and use the feedback to check why that criterion fits the scenario.

Analysis question: In a draft with "Research is important" as the thesis, which BASE is most likely violated if the body discusses only one study?

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